In English grammar, an infinitive is the base form of a verb, usually preceded by the word to. It functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb in a sentence. Infinitives are a type of non-finite verb, meaning they do not change with the subject or tense.
To + base verb = Infinitive
Examples: to run, to eat, to learn, to speak
Infinitives can function as the subject or object of a verb.
Example: To read novels improves your imagination. (subject)
Example: She likes to dance. (object)
They describe a noun by adding extra details or clarifying its meaning.
Example: She has a book to read. ("to read" describes the book)
Infinitives can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, often showing purpose or reason.
Example: He came to help. ("to help" explains why he came)
Some verbs are typically followed by infinitives, such as:
Infinitives and gerunds (verb + -ing) can both act as nouns, but not always interchangeably.
Example: She likes to sing. / She likes singing. (Both are correct)
Note: Some verbs take only infinitives, while others take only gerunds.
A split infinitive occurs when an adverb is inserted between "to" and the verb.
Example: She decided to quickly finish the work.
While some still question their usage, split infinitives are widely accepted in modern English when they enhance clarity or emphasis.
Infinitives are a powerful and flexible part of English grammar. Whether acting as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs, they help express purpose, intention, or action. Understanding how to use them properly enhances your writing and speaking skills.
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