Noun clause

Noun Clauses: Definition, Types, and Examples

A noun clause is a dependent or subordinate clause that acts as a noun within a sentence. It can function as a subject, object, or complement, and it typically begins with words like that, what, who, whom, whose, which, if, whether, or how.

Examples of Noun Clauses

• What she said was surprising. (Noun clause as subject)
• I don’t know what he wants. (Noun clause as object)
• The fact is that he lied. (Noun clause as subject complement)

Functions of Noun Clauses

Noun clauses may serve various functions within a sentence:

• Subject of a sentence: What she believes is not relevant.
• Object of a verb: He understands that he made a mistake.
• Object of a preposition: Pay attention to what the teacher says.
• Complement of a subject: The reality is that we need more time.
• Complement of an object: They elected her what she had dreamed of.

How to Identify a Noun Clause

A simple trick to identify a noun clause is to try replacing the entire clause with a regular noun. If the sentence still makes sense grammatically, then it’s likely a noun clause.

Example: “What you decide matters.” → “Your decision matters.” ✔

Common Noun Clause Starters

These are some common words that typically introduce noun clauses:

• That
• If / Whether
• Who / Whom / Whose
• What / Which
• When / Where / Why / How

Important Notes

• Noun clauses do not express a complete idea and cannot stand alone.
• They are always dependent on the main clause for meaning.
• They are essential to the structure of the sentence when acting as the subject or object.